THE HOUSING SQUEEZE

Jay Bryan: Did Ottawa squeeze housing at the wrong time?
By Jay Bryan
The Gazette July 16, 2012

Did the Harper government blunder into overstimulating a housing market that it’s now in the process of squeezing at just the wrong time?

The question springs to mind now that new numbers show Canada’s housing market showed signs of significant softness in June, with sales falling 4.4 per cent below their year-earlier level – the first such drop in a year – as the national average home price edged down by nearly one per cent.

This comes just as new, tighter mortgage-lending rules went into effect early in July, the key change being one that shortens the allowed repayment period on a government-backed insured mortgage to 25 years from 30.

The result is to jack up the monthly payment on a mortgage by about 10 per cent if the buyer was originally hoping to use the longer 30-year repayment option.

This is just the right medicine for an overheating real-estate market, but much more dubious when demand is already weakening. It will price some buyers, especially first-time ones, right out of the market.

Analysts, including some who favoured the tightening, are a little worried.

There was already a recent undercurrent of concern as home prices moved inexorably higher in the winter and spring: was the market setting itself for a painful fall? At TD Bank, chief economist Craig Alexander predicts an average price drop of 10 per cent to 15 per cent over the next two to three years.

Most analysts didn’t see such a big correction, although many think the priciest markets, Vancouver especially, are overdue for a dip.

But, warns economist Robert Hogue at Royal Bank, “the risks are higher now than they were before.” Hogue thought markets were cooling nicely even before the stricter rules came in. Now, he worries, “this may give a push beyond what the market needs.”

Douglas Porter, deputy chief economist at BMO Capital Markets, thinks the market will probably adjust without too much trouble, but acknowledges that he too feels a little tug of concern. “This may have been one turn of the screw too many,” he says. “That’s the risk.”

The irony is that it was under this same Harper government that Canada loosened its mortgage rules so much that by late-2006 you could borrow for 40 years with nothing down. The then-governor of the Bank of Canada, David Dodge, saw this as so irresponsible that he broke the central bank’s usual rule against criticizing government policy.

It’s what foolish governments often do: curry favour by loosening policy too much in good times, only to have to tighten as conditions worsen.

So far, though, the market still appears to be healthy, with modest price gains in most big cities across Canada, but a downtrend in sales pointing to the possibility of further cooling in the very costly Vancouver and Toronto markets.

Indeed, in the country’s priciest market, Vancouver, prices actually fell by nearly one per cent last month, according to the Home Price Index compiled by the Canadian Real Estate Association. Over the entire past year, Vancouver prices are only up by a modest 1.7 per cent.

This evaporation of price gains in a market that was red hot last year was so dramatic that it helped stabilize the entire Canadian market. The average Canadian price fell by 0.8 per cent from a year ago, but once you remove Vancouver from the numbers, the average price elsewhere goes up by 3.2 per cent, not down.

This resulted from the unwinding of frenzied demand early last year for some of the highest-priced homes on the Vancouver market, said Hogue, the Royal Bank economist. Possibly because foreign demand waned, such homes are now much slower to sell.

Toronto prices barely moved last month, edging up by 0.2 per cent, although earlier gains pushed the average up by a strong 7.9 per cent year-over-year.

Montreal, where last month’s gain was a modest 0.3 per cent, is ahead by a total of 2.7 per cent over the past year, according to the Home Price Index, which, unlike simple price averages, seeks to eliminate the distortions caused by varying numbers of high-priced and lower-priced homes sold in different months.

Calgary stands out as the only city where the number of sales went up significantly – by a robust 17 per cent, in fact – but prices rose by a more modest 5.3 per cent.

TIME TO MOVE

Price, sales records expected this year
Could reignite calls for tighter lending rulesGarry Marr, Financial Post
Published: Tuesday, February 09, 2010

Canadian real estate sales and prices are poised to set records this year, according to a new forecast that is bound to reignite calls in some quarters for tighter lending rules.

The Canadian Real Estate Association, which represents 100 boards across the country, said yesterday it expects existing-home sales to reach 527,300, a 13.3% increase from a year ago and a 1.2% increase from the record high set in 2007.

The new-home market appears to be picking up steam, too. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corp. said there were 186,300 starts in January on a seasonally adjusted annualized basis, the highest level of new construction since October 2008.

Bank of Canada governor Mark Carney has warned about rising levels of household debt, which is reaching record levels. Finance Minister Jim Flaherty has suggested he is prepared to tighten mortgage requirements and continues to monitor the market.

"One of the legitimate concerns of the Finance Minister might be if you make qualifying for mortgage default insurance prematurely restrictive that it will quell housing activity even as erosion in affordability continues," said Gregory Klump, chief economist with CREA.

There are have been some rumblings that the government is considering new rules that would require buyers who need mortgage insurance to have at least 10% down and amortize their mortgage over just 25 years instead of the current 35 years.

Anybody with less than a 20% downpayment must get mortgage insurance, if they are borrowing from a financial institution governed by the Bank Act. Mr. Klump's group contends the market is going to correct on its own in the second half of 2010. CREA has called for sales to drop 7.1% in 2011. The group says that while prices will rise by 5.4% in 2010, to a record high of $337,500, they will drop by 1.5% in 2011.

That view of the housing market is not out of step with some economists, who say that once interest rates rise and inventory levels increase, price increases will shrink. Year-over-year price increases in some markets, such as Toronto, have been around 20% for the past few months.

"There is still a sense of urgency to get into the market. The market will continue to be strong over the next few months," said Benjamin Tal, senior economist with CIBC World Markets, adding he could see new construction also touching 200,000 starts before beginning to fall.

Part of that urgency in the housing sector is being driven by the introduction of the harmonized sales tax in Ontario and British Columbia on July 1. The tax would apply to real estate services and could increase the cost of buying a home by a few thousand dollars.

"It's a factor fuelling a higher level of activity in Ontario and British Columbia," Mr. Klump said. "What's more Canadian than avoiding taxes?"

Elton Ash, vice-president of Re/ Max of Western Canada, said he thinks the forecast put out yesterday was a little optimistic for 2010, specifically the 4.2% price increase for British Columbia. "But I also think the market will be better in 2011 [than CREA]."

Mr. Ash is actually in favour of some measures to cool the market, such as reducing the amortization period back to 25 years. But he wonders whether increasing the downpayment will take some people out of the housing market.

"I think leaving it at 5% would be okay," Mr. Ash said.

Photo by: Janet Leadbeater